send()

Send a message to a connected socket

Synopsis:

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

ssize_t send( int s,
              const void * msg,
              size_t len,
              int flags );

Arguments:

s

The descriptor for the socket; see socket().

msg

A pointer to the message that you want to send.

len

The length of the message.

flags

A combination of the following:

• MSG_OOB — process out-of-band data. Use this bit when you send “out-of-band” data on sockets that support this notion (e.g. SOCK_STREAM). The underlying protocol must also support out-of-band data.
• MSG_DONTROUTE — bypass routing; create a direct interface. You normally use this bit only in diagnostic or routing programs.

Library:

libsocket

Use the -l socket option to qcc to link against this library.

Description:

The send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() functions are used to transmit a message to another socket. The send() function can be used only when the socket is in a connected state, while sendto() and sendmsg() can be used at any time.

The length of the message is given by len. If the message is too long to pass atomically through the underlying protocol, the error EMSGSIZE is returned, and the message isn't transmitted.

No indication of failure to deliver is implicit in a send(). Locally detected errors are indicated by a return value of -1.

If no message space is available at the socket to hold the message to be transmitted, then send() normally blocks, unless the socket has been placed in nonblocking I/O mode. You can use select() to determine when it's possible to send more data.

Returns:

The number of bytes sent, or -1 if an error occurs (errno is set).

Errors:

EBADF

An invalid descriptor was specified.

EDESTADDRREQ

A destination address is required.

EFAULT

An invalid user space address was specified for a parameter.

EMSGSIZE

The socket requires that the message be sent atomically, but the size of the message made this impossible.

ENOBUFS

The system couldn't allocate an internal buffer. The operation may succeed when buffers become available.

ENOTSOCK

The argument s isn't a socket.

EPIPE

An attempt was made to write to a pipe (or FIFO) that isn't open for reading by any process. A SIGPIPE signal is also sent to the process.

EWOULDBLOCK

The socket is marked nonblocking and the requested operation would block.

Classification:

POSIX 1003.1

See also:

getsockopt(), ioctl(), recv(), select(), sendmsg(), sendto(), socket(), write()